The Theory Of The Philosophy Of Education Essay - 1538 Words

Teaching Philosophy Emily E. Blackwell Athens State University Abstract Idealism, thought to be the creation of Greek philosopher, Plato, is the approach that teachers use to get students to ask and answer questions in order to reach the next level of education. The teacher will typically use a variety of inquiry based learning tactics. This school of thought is used to develop each students’ individual abilities and moral character. The idealist feels that with the development of moral character in addition to personal reflection, wisdom is gained. Teachers who follow this philosophy generally see themselves as a role model for his or her students to strive to emulate. This teaching method is typically implemented to focus on developing ideas through lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue. Students can be assessed using a number of methods including, but not limited to quizzes, testing, research projects experiments, and individual or group inquiries. Additionally, this philosophy is used to encourage students to discover their individual tru ths. Introduction The philosophy of education is the philosophical ideas on the essence, goals, and complications of education. The philosophy of education is both reflective in nature and rooted in educational practice. Engaging in philosophy helps teachers to clarify what they do or intend to do in regards to classroom management, lesson planning, time management, and discipline. (Seigel, 2015) Implementing a particularShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophy Of Education Is Closely Modeled By Jerome Bruner s Constructivism Theory980 Words   |  4 PagesMy philosophy of education is closely modeled by Jerome Bruner’s Constructivism theory. Constructivism theory allows students to choose and convert information, and build hypothesis before making decisions (Bruner, 1960). The model focuses on the construction of learning. Students will pull knowledge created from individual experiences, past knowledge, and values. Personally this gives me the opportunity to encourage students with challenges through l earning, discover, and values at the student’sRead MoreWhat Theory Of Education Guide Your Personal Philosophy As A Nurse Educator? Why?796 Words   |  4 PagesWhat theory of nursing education and/or other theory of education guide your personal philosophy as a nurse educator? Why? Theory of nursing is believed that information provides students with the opportunity to build a range of powerful examples that gained from experience. The literature showed that there is a clear gap between what is taught in the classroom and what the student nurses experience in the clinical area (Saifan, A., AbuRuz, M. E., Masa deh, R., 2015). Some people call holisticRead MoreReflective Journal of What I have Learned in Class738 Words   |  3 PagesRousseau to education. 2. Changing Education Paradigms by Ken Robinson †¢ Public education- for economic growth and cultural identity †¢ Creativity †¢ Divergent thinking †¢ Aesthetic and anesthetic experience †¢ ADHA (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) Ken Robinson discussed public education as a medium of developing students for cultural identity and economic growth. He gives importance to creativity and divergent thinking in the education system. He says: â€Å"We have a system of education thatRead More Philosophical And Ideological Perspectives In Education Essay examples784 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophical And Ideological Perspectives In Education Introduction The Second Edition of Philosophical and Ideological Perspectives in Education continue to examine the major schools of philosophy of education through the systems approach. It also considers the relationship of education to major ideologies such as Liberalism, Conservativism, and Marxism. It analyzes the impact of philosophy and ideology on educational theory and practice by examining such theories as Essentialism, Perennialism, ProgressivismRead MoreEducational Philosophy Reflection1539 Words   |  7 Pageswriting notes on the board. This is the type of education that I experience until I graduated high school. When I decided to go into teaching it was an easy decision for me to want to not provide this type of experience to my students. Early in the education prog ram, Bud Stefanski posed us the question about our educational philosophy in the Foundations of Education class. When answering that question, I was 100% progressivism in my education philosophy students should only learn through hands-onRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment By Imogene King895 Words   |  4 PagesNursing/Nursing Practice: Theory: No specific theory was identified on the public web page, However, there is a milieu of research and frameworks that are published that have been utilized by the Banner Health System as a whole. For example, the theory of goal attainment by Imogene King is one of the theories used by the nursing staff and is evident in bedside reporting (Anderson Mangino, 2006). However, as stated in the philosophy, the art and science of nursing is demonstrated by compassionRead MoreThe Teacher Centered Philosophies Of Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as math and science, writing and also reading. Teacher-centered philosophies of education require that children are educated using certain methods put into action by their teacher, as opposed to student-centered philosophies. Teaching methods are formed according to the needs and learning styles of individual students. Teacher-centered philosophies force the student to adjust to the teacher; with student-centered philosophies, the tea cher adjusts to the student. An essentialist curriculum is structuredRead MoreEssay on My Philosophy of Education1206 Words   |  5 Pageswe all struggle with philosophy and where to go from there once we decide what our set of beliefs are. Once we put our philosophy in place, we then struggle with changing our philosophy. I believe that philosophies can be always changing any given situation and in order for growth as an educator we have to be aware of the situations that can change our philosophy, as well as being true to our core beliefs. However, in order for this to happen we must understand what philosophy is, and what it is notRead MoreHistory of Education and Philosophy of Nurse Education1416 Words   |  6 PagesHistory and Philosophy of Nurse Education Amy Allin Capella University Abstract Each educator brings to the academic arena their own personal nursing philosophy that is based on experience and is historic in nature. By studying the history of nursing, the educator is able to guide the student through their education process. As an educator the nurse becomes an extension of one’s own personal philosophy. Nursing theory serves as the foundation on which to develop a personal philosophy and characterizesRead MoreAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy The dispute of how adults learn is an ever developing subject matter since the 1920’s when adult learning became a professional field of practice (Merriam, S., 2001). Questions such as, do adults learn differently from children? Are adults able to learn quicker, independently, or in the same environment? These are just some examples of a multitude of questions that have been raised since scientists began investigating Adult Learning. I intend to clarify some

The Societal Influences on the Educational Impact of Students

The societal influences on the educational impact of students are numerous. Two of the most important are income inequality and technology Income inequality and the effects on education have been at the heart of a contentious debate. As researcher Sean Reardon of Stanford University, explained recently in The New York Times: â€Å"We have moved from a society in the 1950s and 1960s, in which race was more consequential than family income, to one today in which family income appears more determinative of educational success than race† (Tavernise, 2012, para 4). The effects of income inequality are wide and equally disparaging. Income equality has numerous influences on society, particularly educational attainment. Education is considered an equalizer in society, capable of improving the chance for success for disadvantage students (Tavernise, 2012). The rising income inequality has been paralleled by a similar increase in academic achievement gradient. Research indicates that students from families that fall below the poverty line have a decreased chance of achieving educational attainment. The aforementioned is troubling since educational attainment is one of the mechanisms for absconding poverty (Reardon, 2011). More than one in five U.S. children live in poverty, the rate is remarkably higher for Black and Hispanic children raised in a single parent household (UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2012). Students from affluent families tend to excel academically as compared toShow MoreRelatedDraft Of Personal Philosophy Statement1268 Words   |  6 Pageswith open arms, accept, affirm, and celebrate all students by creating an environment that is equal and inclusive for all people regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural background, religion, family structure, economic status, learning ability, linguistic ability, and/or learning style. I will create an environment that includes positive, challenging experiences that will give each individual a positive educational experience free of barriers with the knowledge thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Karen Hos Biographies Of Hegemony1699 Words   |  7 PagesKaren Ho, in â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony† explains how investment bankers, the high forces on Wall Street, influence undergraduates while negatively contributing to societal norms. In â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,â⠂¬  Ethan Watters illustrates and explains how the Western conception of an illness has been deliberately exported to Japan. In both of these texts, there is a clear overlap between the themes of cultural narratives and personal choices. Cultural narratives in a given society helpRead MoreSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words   |  6 Pages(Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events and an individual’s life. Sociological perspective relates to sociological imagination, which was coined by C Wright Mills to illustrate the type of insight brought by the field of sociology (Isaksen undated). These concepts enlighten people’sRead MoreEducation Loan Debt Impact On Graduates Lifestyle, Income, Career Satisfaction1253 Words   |  6 Pagesloan debt impa ct on graduates’ lifestyle, income, career satisfaction II. Introduction The return on investment for a college degree has grown however the cost of higher education has increased at faster rate. The growth in tuition and fees has led to an increased need for students to take on educational loans to fill in the funding gap; federal loans now make up 45% of student aid packages (Baum O’Malley, 2003). Educational loan debt has transitioned from an individual problem to a societal one. Read MoreNegative Attitudes Toward The Homeless Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pageswhether or not the negative attitudes toward the homeless can be changed? Christina Wisehart, Mark Whatley, and Deborah Briihl decided to study this by conducting an experiment that was measured, at the end, by survey. The recruited ninety-seven students from two undergraduate psychology courses at Valdosta State University. Once they arrived at the experiments location, no other information was told except where to meet, they were each given a packet that was labeled with an even or odd number.Read MoreEugenics And Its Impact On Society884 Words   |  4 Pages(Spring, 2014, p. 83). Society and schools are closely interdependent. Changes within society cause a need for modifications within the school system. Similarly, alterations within the school system impact society. Previous sociological, historical, and reform movements resulted in drastic educational and societal changes. These movements varied from the common school reform to the attempt â€Å"to control the spread of â€Å"inferior blood† into the general population† (Stoskopf, 19 99, p. 1). This idea of controllingRead MoreThe Future And Becoming Agents Of Social Change Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagespast to preparing students for the future and becoming agents of social change. I believe that the purpose of education should be to guide and assist the development of students to serve others and to become active members of the community in which they live. This purpose aligns well with Christian educators in both private and public schools. Christian educators in private Christian schools can further refine the purpose statement to be to assist in the development of students to become more likeRead MoreA Study On The Education Of The Middle Australian Education Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesReading has long been associated with good citizenship, in particular, the evolution from child to citizen where a relationship is established through the medium of print for an appreciation and connection to societal domains such as law, nation, and government (Weikle-Mills 2008). It is thereby no stretch to extend responsibility for learning to read to the jurisdiction of the parent. In early 2016 the Western Australian Education Minister Peter Collier overtly implored parents to ensure theirRead MoreThe Educational Field For Various Reasons Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesbeneficial for the educational field for various reasons. First, each individual works in a particular field to fulfill a personal sense of fulfillment. Teachers especially must have desire and job satisfaction since the educational system, as a whole does not offer great monetary or societal achievement. According to Bandura (1997) a teacher who has a strong belief in her or his teacher efficacy, the degree to which teachers feel that their own efforts determine the success of students, is more likelyRead MoreFormal Learning And Informal Learning Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesrules and regulations on how the running takes place. Various tests are set to help in gauging whether the student is ready for the next learning sequence or not. Institutions therefore has a bigger influence on formal learning and development of these students. On the account of the informal learning, this takes place within our social context. This form of learning is based on the societal norms and beliefs of various communities across the world. The teaching of the culture and norms that any society

Because I could not stop for death Free Essays

â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† Emily Dickinson reveals about accepting death as a next chapter of her life. In Verse 1 and 2 she describes herself as a bride and death as her spouse. Welcome death as her partner in the eternal life. We will write a custom essay sample on Because I could not stop for death or any similar topic only for you Order Now She embraces it with open arms that death is no more frightening into her. It also indicated in the 1st verse about her burial march. Dickinson created the poem showing three stages in her life time. In her 3rd verse, the school represents her childhood. The fields of gazing grain represent her maturity towards life. And the Setting Sun represent her old age preparing for her death. Another explanation to this verse is describing her burial march passing to â€Å"the school†, â€Å"the fields† and her last sentence â€Å"Setting Sun† can be the time of her burial. In her 4th verse, she talks about her burial dress. The definition of her garments are more appropriate for a wedding that a funeral dress. Her dress is formal that the author knows her death. She prepared her dress like she is marrying death. It’s like a beginning but an end of life. In her Final moment she talk in her 5th verse of a house the represents her grave were her body lay in the solid ground. The author feels comfortable to pass away that in her heart, it’s a peaceful death. The author also talks about a â€Å"house† that represents her grave that she describes a grave as a home for eternity. The last verse, Dickinson talks about the â€Å"Centuries† which means that even century bypass she is happy in her death no worries and no more loneliness to feel. This describe that her dead body will be in earth for eternity. Emily Dickinson’s poem at first you will ask is this person is death? How did she write her own death? It is an amazing poem that she predicted her death. She embraces death with no fear and tears. She defines her death as another stage of cycle of life. In another point of view she was confident about her fate. She also defines death as her partner to the next stage of her life. In our days, this poem gives us a lesson that we have to appreciate death what ever happen because death will not wait for us. Most of us don’t expect our death or thinking our own death but this amazing poem gives an idea to accept what ever faith we may have. We don’t need to be scared but gives opportunity to be grateful for life and death. We maybe living for today but death will be the next chapter of our life. So take time to think for yourself and appreciate everything in your life so like Emily Dickinson we can accept our death. How to cite Because I could not stop for death, Papers

Immunity and Disease Campylobacter Infections- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImmunity and Diseasefor Campylobacter Jejuni Infections. Answer: Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogenic bacterium that is a causative organism for gastroenteritis in humans which is called campylobacteriosis. Infections caused by Campylobacter are more common than those caused by other pathogens, such as Salmonella, Shigella or Escherichia coli O157:H7. Consumption of undercooked poultry and handling of uncooked chicken causes most of the infections. Although the organism does not cause infection in chicken, it inhabits the intestine (Wigley, 2013). Contaminated drinking water and raw milk from infected cattle could also cause infection(Humphrey, 1987). Chopping of vegetables on surfaces contaminated by poultry can increase the risk of food borne infection if the vegetables are served raw or partially cooked. Symptoms of an infection include fever, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea and diagnosis is usually done by culturing stool samples of patients. Presence of mucus and blood in the stools is common. Antibiotic resistant Campylobacter strain s are difficult to treat(Acheson Allos, 2001). The infection by Campylobacter jejuni causes inflammation of the intestinal surfaces and this leads to malabsorption of nutrients. C. jejuni is also known to cause autoimmune disorders Guillain-Barre syndrome and the Miller-Fisher syndrome. Other than gastroenteritis, the organism is associated with inflammatory bowel syndrome, colon cancer and Barrett's oesophagus. Other than the gastrointestinal system, it can cause infections in the lung, the pathogen has been known to cause brain abscess, bacteremia, meningitis and arthritis (Kaakoush, et al., 2015). The infection is known to occur more commonly in infants and children blow the age of five years and among young adults. A higher number of cases has been reported from North America, Australia and Europe. The problem of gastroenteritis is common in the developing countries. When infection by Campylobacter jejuni occurs, the immune system is able to recognize the pathogen as non-self and launches an immune response against the organism. The human innate has evolved in such a manner that it can recognize invading pathogens. It has to overcome the stealth mechanisms that the pathogen in capable of when it evades detection by the host's immune system The sentinel cells of the mucosal epithelium of the intestine are able to recognize bacteria by their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The bile acids that include the cholates and the deoxycholates have a detergent like action and can kill bacteria. In the human intestine the concentration of the bile acids ranges from 0.2%-2% (Fonseca, et al., 2016). Another level of protection from infection is provided by the mucus gel layer that coats the intestinal epidermis. It is made up of the mucin proteins or the MUCs (Hollingsworth Swanson, 2004). The MUCs play an important role in immune surveillance. The mucins associated with the membrane, example, MUC1 and the secreted mucins MUC2 re proteins with domains that are arrays of tandem repeats and re rich in the amino acids threonine, serine and proline, the PTS domains. These domains are glycosylated. It has been found that inappropriate expression of MUC1 can predispose human beings to inflammatory and infectious diseases (Sheng, et al., 2013). MUC1 is overexpressed in case of C. jejuni infection of the intestine. It promotes anti-inflammatory effect against the bacteria by reducing the activation of NF-B and decrease in IL-8 cytokine production(Fonseca, et al., 2016). When MUC1 expression is less the surface expression on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of CD40, CD80 and CD86 increases. This results in a higher secretion of TNF- and a greater stimulation of CD4+ T cells results. Lack of MUC2 causes increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs, these include, IL-1, TNF- and INF-. Local inflammation protects against C. jejuni infection (Fonseca, et al., 2016). The adaptive immune response against Campylobacter jejuni is multipronged. Phagocytosis is preceded by the recognition of bacterial antigens through the pattern recognition receptors. The processing of antigens occurs via the lysosomal pathway, where the lysosomal enzymes degrade antigens. The Major Histocompatibity Complex presents the epitopes and epitope recognition occurs through the t cell receptors on CD4+ while the MHC is recognised by the CD8+. Recognition of the soluble antigens when present is mediated by the B cell receptors. The secretion of the antibody isotypes follows and complement activation by antibodies also occurs. The opsonization of the bacteria by antibodies is followed by phagocytosis. Interferon-gamma activates the macrophages and lymphocytes. The antigen presenting cells produce the cytokine IL-12 which in turn induces interferon-gamma by the T helper cells. Among the strategies that Campylobacter jejuni uses to evade the killing effect of the immune response is the presence of a lipopolysaccharide capsule, which is not a regular feature of other enteric pathogens. The capsule helps to evade the non-specific action of lysozyme, complement, phagocytes and other constituents of the serum through which the serum can kill the bacteria. Specific components of the serum that include antibodies and lymphocytes can also lyse or kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria once contact is made with the pathogen. The presence of the LPS capsule also facilitates the colonization of C. jejuni in the mouse intestine(Mauea, et al., 2013). The epithelial cells separate the interstitium of the body from the lumen of the intestine. The paracellular spaces remain sealed by the tight junctions that consist of occludins and claudins, the transmembrane proteins. Even a minor change n the structure of the occludins facilitates the entry of C. jejuni to t he inner reaches and cause infection (Clayburgh, et al., 2004). Interleukins IL-23p19, IL-22 and IL-18 have important functions in conferring the host with immunity. It has been found in the murine model that upon C. jejuni infection, there is an upregulation of these interleukins. In the intestine the IL-23 is understood to play the role of a master regulator in the development of a mucosal immune response in the event of intestinal infection that is followed by inflammation. IL-22 is part of the IL-10 family of interleukins and it exerts a three pronged effect, it has potent anti-microbial activity, is tissue-protective and has inflammatory properties. In the large intestine, the IL-22 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, while in the small intestine it acts a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In a study on the impact of the IL-23, IL-22 and IL-18 axis upon C. jejuni infection, it was seen that IL-18 mediates intestinal and systemic immune responses (Bereswill, et al., 2016). Due to the intestinal immune response there is production of IL 17 by the CD4+ cells in the intestine. The production of this interleukin has been shown to reduce the colonisation of the intestine by C. jejuni. But the absence of the capsule in mutant C. jejuni makes the action of the IL 17 more potent and the size of the colony is reduced. The T helper 17 response has an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis besides initiating protective immune response against intestinal pathogens (Mauea, et al., 2013). The Th17 mediates the response to pathogens through innate immunity, which is non-specific and not in response to a particular antigen and through adaptive immunity which includes the B-cell mediated antibody response and the cell mediated response that is due to the function of the T lymphocytes. The innate Th17 response is due to the filamentous bacteria that colonize the gut and are a part of the symbiotic gut microbiota. The innate Th17 response occurs quickly under the effect of the cytokines, but the adaptive response may take a few days to a few weeks to take effect. IL-17 and IL-22 are the cytokines that bring on the quick innate response and are in turn expressed due to the upstream cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and IL-23. IL-17 is known to bring about induction of inflammation and through recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection in the intestine. Whereas, IL-22 induces cells of the intestinal epithelium to produce antibacterial molecules. In a study on the cells cultured from a colon biopsy, cocultured with C. jejuni that was treated to IL-17, it was found that the ability of the pathogen to invade the epithelial cells was reduced(Edwards LA, et al., 2010). The cytokine production is downregulated when pathogenic strains are devoid of their usual capsules. Probably the capsules play a role in eliciting a stronger innate immune response. The Toll-like receptor 4 is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the pattern recognition receptor family. In response to recognition of molecular patterns on the capsules of pathogenic bacteria it activates the innate immune response through the NF-B signalling and stimulates the release of cytokines that induce inflammation(Molteni, et al., 2016). The Toll-like receptor 4 is a mediator of the pro-inflammatory response. It has been shown to be active against the capsular lipopolysaccharide of the C. jejuni. The capsule also resists the action of the complement system and prevents puncturing of the cell wall (Mauea, et al., 2013). The MeOPN or the O-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in the C. jejuni capsule is present in most pathogenic strains of the bacterium.A mutant which lacked MeOPN in its capsule was susceptible to killing by the complement system and human serum (van Alphen, et al., 2014). These and other features that are characteristic of the surface of the pathogen help it to circumvent and evade the immune response of the human body and in particular the intestinal micro - environment, colonize and infect the human intestine. The role of C. jejuni in development of autoimmune disorders has also been investigated. This organism is known to produce glycoconjugates. These include the human ganglioside kind of determinants and activators of the TLRs (the Toll-like receptors). Autoimmune induction is preceded by IL-1 secretion that is dependent on inflammasome or the MyD88-mediated TLR activation. C. jejuni does target MyD88, NLRP3 inflammasome, sialic-acid binding immunoglobulin like lectins (Siglecs) and the macrophage galactose type lectin besides the immunoglobulin like receptors, the TREM2 and the LMIR5CD300b. TIR-domain containing adaptor inducing interferon- or the TRIF is known to mediate the type I interferon production that triggers the humoral immune response and the class switching of immunoglobulins. Upon activation the Siglec-1 activates the inflammatory response and phagocytosis. TREM2 also plays a role in phagocytosis. When autoreactive lymphocytes are present and C. jejuni activates the innate immune response, autoimmune diseases may be triggered (Phonqsisay, 2016). In conclusion, the pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen that infects the intestinal wall and can cause symptoms such as, fever, diarrhoea and there could be traces of blood or mucus in the stools. The foods that can cause infection are improperly cooked poultry, raw milk and handling of raw meat. The organism is microaerophilic and it can infect the intestinal wall. The human body's immune system can identify and kill the infectious pathogen. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a role in eliminating the pathogen. But Campylobacter jejuni can evade the immune response using a host of mechanisms. Principal among the evasive tools that it employs is the presence of the lipopolysaccharide capsule. Autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and the Miller-Fisher syndrome can occur weeks after the symptoms of the infection have subsided. References Acheson, D. Allos, B., 2001. Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Update on Emerging Issues and Trends. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32(8), pp. 1201-1206. Bereswill, S. et al., 2016. Interleukin-18 Mediates Immune Responses to Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Gnotobiotic Mice. PLoS ONE, 11(6), p. e0158020. Clayburgh, D., Shen, L. Turner, J., 2004. A porous defense: the leaky epithelial barrier in intestinal disease.. Laboratory investigation , 84(3), pp. 282-91.. Edwards LA, N. K. M. D. S. H. Z. M. W. B. D. N. L. K., Wedderburn, L. Bajaj-Elliott, M., 2010. 2010. Delineation of the innate and adaptive T-cell immune outcome in the human host in response to Campylobacter jejuni infection.. PLoS ONE, Volume 5, p. e15398.. Fonseca, B., Fernandez, H. Rossi, D., 2016. Campylobacter spp. and Related Organisms in Poultry: Pathogen-Host Interactions, Diagnosis and Epidemiology. s.l.:Springer. Hollingsworth, M. Swanson, B., 2004. Mucins in cancer: protection and control of the cell surface. Nature Reviews Cancer, Volume 4, pp. 45-60. Humphrey, T., 1987. Campylobacterjejuni in dairy cows and raw milk. Epidemiology and infection, Volume 98, pp. 263-269. Kaakoush, N. O., Castao-Rodrguez, N., Mitchell, H. M. Man, S. M., 2015. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection.. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28 (3), p. 687720. Mauea, A. et al., 2013. The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni Modulates the Host Immune Response. Infection and Immunity, 81(3), pp. 665-672. Molteni, M., Gemma, S. Rossetti, C., 2016. The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Infectious and Noninfectious Inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation, p. 6978936. Phonqsisay, V., 2016. The immunobiology of Campylobacter jejuni: Innate immunity and autoimmune diseases.. Immunobiology, 221(4), pp. 535-43. Sheng, Y. et al., 2013. MUC1 and MUC13 differentially regulate epithelial inflammation in response to inflammatory and infectious stimuli.. Mucosal Immunology, 6(3), pp. 557-68. van Alphen, L. et al., 2014. Biological roles of the O-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in Campylobacter jejuni.. PLoS ONE, 9(1), p. e87051. Wigley, P., 2013. Immunity to bacterial infection in the chicken.. Developmental and comparative immunology, 41(3), pp. 413-7. .